What chromosome does scid affect4/8/2024 However, there is increased risk of learning disabilities, particularly with learning that involves spatial concepts, math, memory and attention. Girls and women with Turner syndrome usually have normal intelligence. Turner syndrome can also increase the risk of developing weak, brittle bones (osteoporosis). Problems with the growth and development of bones increase the risk of abnormal curvature of the spine (scoliosis) and forward rounding of the upper back (kyphosis). Sometimes Turner syndrome is associated with gluten intolerance (celiac disease) or inflammatory bowel disease. There is also an increased risk of diabetes. Turner syndrome can increase the risk of an underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism) due to the autoimmune disorder Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Although these abnormalities generally don't cause medical problems, they may increase the risk of urinary tract infections. Turner syndrome may be associated with malformations of the kidneys. An increased risk of weak muscle control of eye movements (strabismus), nearsightedness and other vision problems can occur with Turner syndrome. An increased risk of frequent middle ear infections can also result in hearing loss. In some cases, this is due to the gradual loss of nerve function. Hearing loss is common with Turner syndrome. Turner syndrome can increase the risk of high blood pressure - a condition that increases the risk of developing diseases of the heart and blood vessels. Heart defects often include problems with the aorta, the large blood vessel that branches off the heart and delivers oxygen-rich blood to the body. Many infants with Turner syndrome are born with heart defects or even slight abnormalities in heart structure that increase their risk of serious complications. Turner syndrome can affect the proper development of several body systems, but this varies greatly among individuals with the syndrome. These individuals develop biologically as female, but the presence of Y chromosome material increases the risk of developing a type of cancer called gonadoblastoma. In a small percentage of Turner syndrome cases, some cells have one copy of the X chromosome and other cells have one copy of the X chromosome and some Y chromosome material. Or the error can occur in cell division in early fetal development so that only some cells contain the changed or missing parts of one of the X chromosomes (mosaicism). This error can occur in the sperm or egg with all cells having one complete and one altered copy. Cells have one complete and one altered copy. Changed or missing parts of one of the X chromosomes can occur. Other cells have only one copy of the X chromosome. This results in some cells in the body having two complete copies of the X chromosome. In some cases, an error occurs in cell division during early stages of fetal development. This results in every cell in the body having only one X chromosome. The complete absence of an X chromosome generally occurs because of an error in the father's sperm or in the mother's egg. The genetic changes of Turner syndrome may be one of the following: In females who have Turner syndrome, one copy of the X chromosome is missing, partially missing or changed. Females inherit one X chromosome from each parent. Males inherit the X chromosome from their mothers and the Y chromosome from their fathers. Most people are born with two sex chromosomes.
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